Using Quantifiers
{n} Match exactly n times
{n,} Match at least n times
{n,m} Match at least n but not more than m times.
Notes:
* perl -ne "print if m/z*/" testfile.txt
+ perl -ne "print if m/z+/" testfile.txt
? perl -ne "print if m/z?/" testfile.txt
{n} perl -ne "print if m/o{4}/" testfile.txt
{n,} perl -ne "print if m/o{2,}/" testfile.txt
{n,m} perl -ne "print if m/o{2,3}/" testfile.txt
n and m limited to 65,536.
Curly braces are normal in any other context (not meta).
perl -ne "print if m/{/" testfile.txt
*, +, and ? are just shorthand for what curly brace notations? {0,} {1,} {0,1}